3/13/2023 0 Comments Plus one obvious rar download![]() While captopril renography was widely used in the past, Doppler ultrasound (US) of the renal arteries (RAs), angio-CT, or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) have replaced other modalities and they are now considered the screening tests of choice. Screening tests for RAS have improved considerably over the last decade. Screening for RAS is indicated in suspected renovascular hypertension or ischemic nephropathy, in order to identify patients in whom an endoluminal or surgical revascularization is advisable. Thus, early diagnosis of RAS is an important clinical objective since interventional therapy may improve or cure hypertension and preserve renal function. Particularly, the atherosclerotic form is a progressive disease that may lead to gradual and silent loss of renal function. It can be found in one of three forms: asymptomatic renal artery stenosis (RAS), renovascular hypertension, and ischemic nephropathy. Renovascular disease is a complex disorder, most commonly caused by fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerotic diseases.
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